Infertility affects an expected 15 percent of couples universally and is considerably increasing in countries like India. According to WHO, one of every four couples in reproductive age in India faces trouble in getting pregnant. Since this accompanies a ton of passionate and social disgrace, a majority of couples hesitant to talk about their fertility issues transparently. This hampers the chance of convenient diagnosis and treatment, as per Dr Parul Katiyar, fertility consultant, Nova IVF.
Researchers throughout the world have been working energetically to discover medicines to defeat infertility issues and the greatest advancement was the birth of Louise Brown on July 25, 1978 in England. She was the first child to be brought into the world after effective IVF treatment following quite a while of endeavors from Dr Patrick Steptoe, Robert Edwards and their team. Louise Brown’s introduction to the world is probably the greatest milestone in the field of infertility treatment. Over these 42 years, in excess of 8,000,000 youngsters have been brought into the world through different “Assisted Reproductive Techniques” including IVF just as a few other propelled procedures have developed from that point forward. To stamp the best advancement in the field of reproductive medication this day, 25th July is commended as the World IVF day every year.
Women have consistently been considered as the conveyor of infertility, anyway this is only a myth as in the current situation male too face a few issues. The normal reasons for infertility incorporate clinical reasons like fallopian tube blockage, ovulatory dysfunction, endometriosis, etc, in women and poor sperm amount or quality in men. The other significant reason for infertility incorporates way of life issues, for example, increasing marital age, deferment in childbearing, stress, utilization of liquor and tobacco, and undesirable eating regimen.
ART consists all fertility medicines for which the two eggs and embryos are dealt with. Generally, ART methodology includes surgically expelling eggs from a woman’s ovaries, consolidating them with sperm in the research laboratory, and returning them to the woman’s body. This for the most part includes In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), ICSI, cryopreservation of gametes (egg or sperm) or embryos, PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing). Through these methodologies, numerous couples within any case untreatable infertility have brought forth healthy babies.
TYPES OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
The association of sperms and eggs is one of the most significant steps for pregnancy, however, there are numerous elements that ruin this procedure of fertilization in the body prompting infertility. IVF is a strategy for helped reproduction where the woman’s eggs and man’s sperms are treated outside the body in a laboratory dish, which is the reason it is likewise called an ‘test tube baby’. At least one of these treated eggs (embroys) are then moved in the woman’s womb, so they can stick in the uterine coating and develop. It is one of the most regularly utilized ART techniques and is utilized to defeat infertility because of numerous causes like blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis and in any event, when the reason for a couple’s infertility isn’t known.
This is a unique method of assisted reproduction that is generally valuable for male factor infertility where the sperm count or quality is very poor. This predominantly includes same initial steps from IVF, except for the procedure of fertilization, a specific needle is utilized to infuse the sperms inside the egg. In this manner, taking out the requirement for many sperms to treat the egg and pregnancy can be accomplished even with exceptionally low sperm count.
Cryopreservation or freezing is a procedure where the embryos, eggs and sperms are frozen in fluid nitrogen at – 196 degree centigrade for longer periods. This is extremely helpful for couples experiencing IVF treatment who have spare embryos left after the embryo transfer. Cryopreservation makes future ART cycles less difficult, more affordable, and less obtrusive than the underlying IVF cycle, since the woman doesn’t require ovarian stimulation or egg recovery. Once frozen, embryos might be stored for prolonged periods, and have been frozen for around 20 years. Another significant job of cryopreservation is to safeguard the eggs or sperm. This is done most usually in young women and men who are going to experience medicines or techniques that may influence their future fertility, for example, chemotherapy for disease.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is an early type of pre-birth genetic diagnosis where abnormal embryos are recognized, and just hereditarily normal embryos are utilized for implantation. This strategy is a shelter for couples who are either carriers of or experience the ill effects of hereditary issues that can be passed to their offspring. It includes removal of certain cells from the undeveloped organism, exposing these cells to explicit hereditary tests so as to recognize the presence of any hereditary changes in chromosome number or qualities. This leads to the Identification and choice of genetically healthy embryos, accordingly improving the odds of a healthy pregnancy.
